Sepenggal Kisah Bangsa Toba dari Sisi Marga Napitupulu – bagian 2

Kemiripan Toba dan Toraja

Suku Bangsa Toba mempunyai kemiripan atau boleh saya katakan kesamaan dengan suku bangsa Toraja. Mengapa saya katakan demikian?

Pertama, hasil budaya keduanya sangat mirip mulai dari hasil tenun kain, rumah adat, hingga acara adat.

Hasil tenun kain Toba disebut kain Tenun Ulos umumnya bermotif garis vertikal, horisontal dan ukiran (gorga) dengan  warna dominan merah, hitam dan putih yang kerap dihiasi benang emas atau perak,  sedangkan hasil tenun ikat Toraja disebut Tenun Toraja umumnya bermotif garis vertikal, paruki dan parumba dengan warna dominan hitam, cokelat, biru tua dan merah.  Kedua tenun kedua suku bangsa ini digunakan untuk acara adat khusus selain perlambang kehormatan. 

Rumah adat khas Toba adalah bentuk atapnya melengkung dan pada ujung atap sebelah depan dilekatkan tanduk kerbau. Rumah khas tersebut dapat difungsikan sebagai tempat tinggal disebut Ruma atau tempat penyimpanan hasil tani (lumbung) disebut Sopo . Dinding rumah terdapat ukir-ukiran yang berwarna merah, putih dan hitam dikenal dengan nama gorga.

Untuk rumah adat khas Toraja dikenal dengan nama Tongkonan bentuk atapnya melengkung menyerupai perahu dan dibagian depan terdapat deretan tanduk kerbau. Umumnya di depan tongkonan dibangun lumbung padi yang disebut Alang yang depannya dihiasi ukiran bergambar ayam dan matahari dikenal dengan nama pa’bare allo, simbol untuk menyelesaikan perkara.

Upacara adat pernikahan dan kematian pada suku Toba sarat dengan perlakukan/prosesi  khusus seperti alunan musik seperti gondang dan uning-uningan, menari (manortor), pemberian ulos (mangulosi) dan jamuan makan besar. Pada acara pernikahan ada syarat mahar yang patut disepakati kedua keluarga perempuan dan laki-laki, disebut dengan sinamot. Pada acara kematian bilamana  mendiang yang akan dikuburkan sudah sempurna beranak cucu-cicit maka upacara dapat berlangsung hingga seminggu penuh dan dengan kegembiraan.

Demikian juga dengan upacara adat pernikahan suku Toraja sarat dengan perlakukan/prosesi  khusus seperti arak-arakan dengan Payung Kebesaran sebelum ke pelaminan dan jamuan makan besar dan minum tuak.  Upacara adat kematian juga sarat prosesi  yang mewah dikenal dengan nama Rambu Solo sebagai wujud penyempurnaan kematian, diawali dengan perarakan kerbau, pertunjukan musik daerah, pertunjukan tarian adat, pertunjukan adu kerbau hingga penyembelihan kerbau yang hingga bernilai milyaran sebagai hewan kurban.

Baik suku Toba maupun suku Toraja meyakini mitos bahwa nenek moyang mereka berasal dari nirwana dengan gelar Batara Guru yang berasal dari bahasa Sanskritt (Bhatara)Batara guru dalam mitologi suku Toba adalah anak dari dewa tertinggi, Mulajadi Na Bolon yang menguasai bumi. Begitu juga dengan Batara Guru dalam mitologi suku Toraja juga anak seorang dewa tertinggi, Sang Patotoqe atau Pong Banggai di Rante bertugas menguasa bumi.

Dari ketiga parameter tersebut di atas, besar dugaan Toba dan Toraja berasal dari populasi moyang yang sama. Pertanyaannya adalah mana yang tua atau si-abangan mana yang muda atau si-adek-an.

Sebelum melangkah jauh kepada sisi asal-muasal lebih dalam, ada baiknya membaca bagian ketiga perihal teori DNA terbaru asal-usul ras manusia dikaitkan dengan kedua suku dan penuturan sejarah mengenai keduanya pada bagian ketiga selanjutnya. (jkt-24052017)

www.edrolnapitupulu.com.

Lanjut ke bagian 3

81 Replies to “Sepenggal Kisah Bangsa Toba dari Sisi Marga Napitupulu – bagian 2”

    1. Halo Rani. Bangsa Toba menduduki daerah di dataran tinggi bukit barisan dan danau Toba. Terima kasih sudah sempatkan waktu baca blog dan komentar.

    1. Sepakat. Indonesia memang luar biasa dan masih banyak kisah dan pengetahuan tradisional yang belum ditelusuri yang sarat makna dan pembelajaran. Terima kasih atas kunjungannya. Salam hangat.

  1. Perkenalkan nama saya Robert putera Toraja. Membaca tulisan saudara ada sedikit yang saya perlu koreksi yakni: Dewa Tertinggi tertulis “Sang Patotoqe”, seharusnya “Puang Matua”. Terus sebutan ” To Raija” ini tidak ada mungkin yg di maksud “To Riaja” (ini sebutan suku bugis yang artinya aorang yang bermukim di ketinggian/pegunungan, “riaja” dalam bahasa bugis artinya gunung. Meskipun masih ada polemik dari mana asal pemberian nama “Toraja”, tetapi yang jelas sampai hari ini orang Toraja menyebut dirinya “TORAYA” yang artinya artinya Tau: orang dan Raya atau Maraya berarti besar. Gabungan dua kata ini ngasih arti “orang-orang hebat” atau “manusia mulia”

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