Napitupulu.
Sebuah nama marga di suku Toba, Sumatera Utara. Menurut silsilah keluarga, saya berada pada garis keturunan no. 14 dari garis Napitupulu Sieang. Almarhum bapak saya beserta keluarga pendahulu kami telah lama bermukim di Desa Parsambilan, Kecamatan Silaen, Kabupaten Toba Samosir.
Saya sendiri dalam catatan kependudukan atau sipil secara sadar oleh kedua orang tua yang merantau ke tana batavia tidak dicantumkan. Alasan mereka saat saya tanya adalah untuk mempermudah pengurusan karena sentimen ras atau agama cenderung menyulitkan pengurusan akte kelahiran kala itu. Maka jadilah hingga sekarang, nama saya dalam register WNI tidak ada marganya. Untuk memperbaiki agar marga tidak punah, maka keturunan saya saya sematkan sejak pertama kelahiran dengan nama belakang Napitupulu.
Tidak banyak literatur yang sahih perihal garis keturunan suku Toba moyang hingga masa kini. Setiap saya tanya ke para tetua marga, selalu bermula dari Raja Batak. Nama Batak sendiri masih jadi belum kuat referensinya. Seperti diulas para ahli, Batak merupakan sebutan untuk kaum budak namun seiring perjalanan sejarah sebutan para penguasa untuk budak daerah Sumatera , Bata’menjadi nama suku yakni Batak.
Kitab kuno menyatakan bahwa keturunan manusia purbakala adalah dari Adam kemudian setelah peristiwa Bah maka keturunan manusia modern adalah dari Nuh. Dalam silsilah Batak, tak satu pun merunut pada nenek moyang pertama setelah Bah. Masih perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan garis keturunan yang lengkap mulai dari zaman Nuh hingga zaman sekarang.
Berdasarkan sejarah maupun literatur yang saya sempat telisik, suku Toba yang bermukim di Pulau Samosir maupun sekeliling pinggiran Danau Toba kemungkinan besar dan sangat mirip dengan suku purba di Sulawesi Selatan, yakni dari kerajaan Luwu.
Kerajaan Luwu adalah kerajaan purba yang menguasai wilayah Indonesia sekarang dan berdagang sekaligus bermigrasi hingga ke India, Afrika dan Cina. Peradaban dan tanah tinggal penduduk atau suku Kerajaan Luwu sangat beragam mulai dari dataran tinggi, dataran rendah hingga pesisir pantai. Percampuran antar suku dataran tinggi dan suku pesisir sangat mungkin terjadi yakni suku Toraja dan suku Bugis.
Peranakan campuran ini suka berlayar dan berdagang melintasi perairan Selat Malaka maupun Laut China Selatan bahkan Samudera India. Suatu waktu mereka berlayar menuju Afrika melalui perairan Selat Malaka. Karena badai dan cuaca buruk sebelum masuk selat, mereka memutuskan menuju daratan terdekat menuju sungai. Melintaslah mereka melalui Sungai Asahan dan berujung ke daerah dekat pinggiran Danau Toba. Bermukimlah mereka di sana dan beranak cucu, hingga berserak menyeberang ke dataran pulau Samosir.
Yang mempunyai garis keturunan Toraja (To Riaja) , bermukim di perbukitan pulau Samosir sekitar daerah Urat. Membangun peradaban suku dengan asas ketua adat dataran tinggi orang gunung, Raija. Guna mengingatkan kampung halaman mereka maka yaitu To Riaja, tetua kampung diberikan gelar “Riaja” yang memudahkan penyebutan menjadi “Raja”. Dari sinilah kemungkinan besar gelar Raja dari raja-raja suku Toba atau Batak Toba.
Mulai dari cara mendirikan rumah, tenun ikat, kepercayaan hingga bercocok tanam maka tak dapat dipungkiri suku Toba (Batak) adalah sub-suku dari suku Toraja (Toriaja).
Perihal deskripsi kesamaan kedua suku ini akan saya bahas di bagian kedua (2). (Jkt-22052017)
www.edrolnapitupulu.com
Apauntungnya mempertahankan nama marga atau keturunan?
dari daerah mana asal bangsa toba ini..??
Hi, Rani. Suku bangsa Toba bila secara penelitian sama dengan bangsa pendatang lainnya di bumi Nusantara ini konon berasal dari migrasi dataran Afrika yang telah beradaptasi di daerah Dataran Cina atau Dataran India, masih misteri. Terima kasih atas kunjungannya.
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